Building Trust in Autonomous Vehicles‭ – ‬Designing Near-Future Interaction in Public Transportation‭ ‬

Dr‭. ‬Romi Mikulinsky‭, ‬Tom Reznikov‭, ‬Bezalel Academy of Art and Design‭ ‬‭(‬IL‭), ‬Yuri Klebanov‭, (‬University of Tokyo‭) (‬JP‭)‬

Abstract‭: ‬In January 2020‭, ‬As part of a collaboration between Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design and the University of Tokyo DLX‭ ‬Design Lab‭, ‬a 10-days workshop took place‭. ‬A team of design researchers visited the Institute of Industrial Science and proposed new design-led solutions around issues pertaining to future mobility‭. ‬The preliminary motivation was to assess the role of the‭ ‬driver in public transportation and to inquire what will happen once the driver is omitted from the vehicle and replaced by a complex robotic system‭? ‬Given that trust is an important factor in the acceptance of autonomous systems and influences the user behavior‭ (‬Lee and See‭, ‬2004‭, ‬Garcia 2015‭) ‬a supportive HMI is essential‭ ‬‮–‬‭ ‬especially in the transition phase towards automated driving where the‭ ‬“driver”‭ ‬needs to give up control in favor of an unknown feature‭ (‬Häuslschmid 2017‭). ‬The project does not focus on the driver but on the‭ ‬passengers’‭ ‬response to autonomous public transport‭. ‬Its significance and novelty lie here‭.‬

The unique collaboration between design researchers from Bezalel Academy and Intelligent Mobility researchers from U.Tokyo is aimed at elucidating how design can ease up the implementation of AV’s in cities‭, ‬answering questions such as‭: ‬How can designers contribute to dispelling alienation and instill trust in future mobility‭? ‬Which tools are available to designers that might be useful in creating the language‭, ‬interaction and know-how needed to implement a transportation system which answers the needs of many diverse users in complex urban environments‭?‬

The team focused on what is lost in terms of human interaction with the transition to driverless vehicles and moved on to identifying and developing interactions capable of‭:‬

Replacing eye contact

Observing the passengers’‭ ‬body language‭, ‬estimate intentions and respond accordingly

Turning uncanny situations into coherent‭, ‬pleasant experiences

Countering estrangement and fear of the unknown

The outcome is Project Ripple‭ – ‬which hypothesis is that utilizing the vehicle floor as an interface can assist in calibrating trust between the user and the autonomous system‭. ‬The project demonstrates how the proposed design-led methodologies instill trust in a non-human‭, ‬autonomous system/agent‭.‬

References‭:‬
Carsten‭, ‬O‭., ‬&‭ ‬Martens‭, ‬M‭. ‬H‭. (‬2019‭). ‬How can humans understand their automated cars‭? ‬HMI principles‭, ‬problems and solutions‭. ‬Cognition‭, ‬Technology‭ ‬&‭ ‬Work‭, ‬21‭(‬1‭), ‬3-20‭.‬

Garcia‭, ‬D‭., ‬Kreutzer‭, ‬C‭., ‬Badillo-Urquiola K‭ ‬&‭ ‬Mouloua‭. (‬2015‭). ‬Measuring trust of Autonomous Vehicles‭: ‬A development and validation study‭. ‬Proceedings of HCI International 2015‭, ‬Part II‭ -‬Posters’‭ ‬Extended Abstracts‭ (‬HCI International 2015‭), ‬Constantine Stephanidis‭ (‬Ed‭.). ‬Springer International Publishing‭, ‬Cham‭, ‬610‮–‬615‭.‬

Häuslschmid‭, ‬R‭., ‬Von Buelow M‭, ‬Pfleging B‭. ‬et al‭. (‬2017‭). ‬Supporting trust in autonomous driving‭. ‬International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces‭, ‬Proceedings IUI‭, ‬319-329‭.‬

Lee‭, ‬J‭. ‬D‭., ‬&‭ ‬See‭, ‬K‭. ‬A‭. (‬2004‭). ‬Trust in automation‭: ‬designing for appropriate reliance‭. ‬Human factors‭, ‬46‭(‬1‭), ‬50-80

Short CV‭: ** ‬Yuri Klebanov‭ ‬Graduated from the Department of Visual Communication at Bezalel in 2011‭. ‬While working as an Interaction Designer at INNOVID‭ (‬a startup in Tel-Aviv‭), ‬as a hobby he was building interactive installations which were presented in festivals around Israel and‭ ‬Europe‭. ‬In 2016‭ ‬Yuri graduated from the Royal College of Art and Imperial College London with an MA and MSc in Innovation Design Engineering‭, ‬after which he worked as a creative developer at Hirsch&Mann‭, ‬London‭. ‬Currently‭, ‬he is a design and technology researcher at the U-Tokyo Institute of Industrial Science DLX Design Lab‭, ‬focusing on fusion of Design and Science‭. **‬Romi Mikulinsky‭ ‬is the head of the Master of Design‭ (‬MDes‭) ‬program in Industrial Design and a senior lecturer at the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design in Jerusalem‭. ‬Her dissertation at the University of Toronto’s English dept‭. ‬was dedicated to photography‭, ‬memory‭, ‬and trauma in literature and film‭. ‬Dr‭. ‬Mikulinsky researches and lectures‭ ‬about digital and counter-culture‭, ‬algorithmic art‭, ‬as well as design-led innovation‭. ‬She has worked with various start-up companies and media websites‭, ‬corporations and municipalities on the implementation of technological innovation across the organization and has international experience in leading design and innovation workshops‭ (‬Australia‭, ‬Japan‭, ‬and in several countries across Europe‭). ‬She served as the Director of The Shpilman Institute for Photography and worked with various art museums in Israel‭. *‬‭*‬Tom Reznikov‭ ‬is a designer and a creative technologist‭. ‬Her works were exhibited in exhibitions in Israel and abroad‭, ‬take various forms but‭ ‬often explore human nature and its relationship with technology‭. ‬Tom is currently leading the design department at Riskified‭. ‬Tom holds a B.Ed.Des in Visual Communication from Wizo Design Academy and of the M.Des program in Industrial Design in Bezalel Academy‭.‬